How is Internet connected across continents?

I know that IBM, NSF are some of the backbones (highest level networks) for internet connection. But how is this connected to say another backbone which is in Australia or India. Do they go through physical wires or they make use of Satellite?. Please help me understand this

There are underground fibre optic cables. They also make use of satellites as well. The internet even exists at the International Space Station.

Brandon

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